Homo habilis: Homo habilis, meaning "handy man," is one of the earliest known species of the genus Homo. Fossils of Homo habilis date back to approximately 2.1 to 1.5 million years ago and were first discovered in Tanzania. This species is significant as it is thought to be one of the first toolmakers, showing evidence of stone tool use.
Australopithecus africanus: Australopithecus africanus is another early hominin species that lived in South Africa around 3 to 2 million years ago. Fossils of Australopithecus africanus, such as the Taung child, provide important insights into the evolution of bipedalism and early human behavior.
Paranthropus boisei: Paranthropus boisei, also known as "Nutcracker Man," is a species of early hominin that lived in East Africa approximately 2.3 to 1.2 million years ago. This species is characterized by its large, robust skull and powerful jaws, suggesting a specialized diet of tough, fibrous vegetation.
Homo erectus: Homo erectus is an important species in human evolution that lived from approximately 2 million to 200,000 years ago. Fossils of Homo erectus have been found in Africa, Asia, and Europe and exhibit more advanced toolmaking abilities than earlier hominins.
Denisovans: Denisovans are a recently discovered group of archaic humans known from DNA evidence extracted from fossils found in Siberia. Denisovans interbred with both Neanderthals and modern humans, leaving traces of their DNA in present-day populations.
Homo heidelbergensis: Homo heidelbergensis is an extinct species of early human that lived in Africa, Europe, and possibly Asia between 600,000 and 200,000 years ago. Fossils of Homo heidelbergensis show a mix of primitive and derived traits and are thought to represent a transitional stage between Homo erectus and Homo sapiens.
Homo floresiensis: Homo floresiensis, also known as the "Hobbit," is an extinct species of early human that lived on the Indonesian island of Flores between approximately 100,000 and 50,000 years ago. Fossils of Homo floresiensis are notable for their small body size and unique features, raising questions about their evolutionary relationship to other hominins.
Orrorin tugenensis: Orrorin tugenensis is one of the earliest known hominins, dating back to around 6 million years ago in Kenya. Fossils of Orrorin tugenensis provide important clues about the early stages of human evolution and the origins of bipedalism.
Sahelanthropus tchadensis: Sahelanthropus tchadensis is another early hominin species that lived in Chad approximately 7 million years ago. Fossils of Sahelanthropus tchadensis are some of the oldest known hominin remains and offer insights into the divergence of the human lineage from other apes.
Homo neanderthalensis: Neanderthals are a closely related species of early human that lived in Europe and parts of Asia from approximately 400,000 to 40,000 years ago. Fossils of Neanderthals provide important information about human evolution, behavior, and interactions with other hominin species.
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